ウイルス
In this item, I explain the virus which is contagious to a creature. A virus(virus) Using the cell of other creatures, it is it from a husk of the protein and nucleic acid packed in that with the minute structure body which can let you reproduce a self. There is various notation by a problem of the pronunciation, and there can be a virus, a virus, a virus, Weill, by RAS, a virus, the thing that I transcribe it into disease. The pronunciation in the English is near to "Weill". Because I do not have the cell which is a unit of the life at the minimum, the biology top is done with a non-creature. The virus does not assume a cell a unit, but has the characteristic of the creature which I use the cell of other creatures having a gene and can multiply. The natural science cannot define a creature / the life and assumes a cell a unit conveniently and calls metabolism, the thing which I can multiply a creature, and the virus which does not have a cell is placed as a non-cellularity creature or a non-creature now. Or it is said "biological existence" rather than a creature. However, having a genetic material, it is clear that there are a creature and connection as for the virus to multiply using the metabolism system of the creature. I have an influence on the constancy of the host by being contagious, and there is a thing behaving as a pathogen. The field to study for a virus is called virology. There are some opinions in the origin of the virus, but the opinion which assumes a moving gene such as the transposon the origin is influential. From the difference of the genetic material, I am separated greatly by DNA virus and RNA virus. The details refer to the classification of the virus. A virus is discovered in organism with a nucleus, a eubacterium, old bacteria, both domains each, and it is suggested that I am old in the origin of the virus. The virus infected with bacteria was called a bacteriophage, and it was used as the model system of the gene expression study flourishingly in the molecular biological early days. However, I tend the expression called "the virus" points at a thing infecting the animals and plants in the field of today's molecular biology / medicine, and to use it and tend I distinguish it from the bacteriophage infecting bacteria, and to use it. Virus is a word to mean "poison" in Latin, and Hippocrates of the ancient Greece uses these words in a meaning called poison causing a disease. The virus was called "disease" first by Japanese Society for Bacteriology in Japan. The Society for Japanese Virologist was established in 1953, and notation called "the virus" which was near to original Latin pronunciation was adopted. I am generally called "a virus" now afterwards although there was confusion because the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences used "a virus coming from German pronunciation (when I use it with biology and a medical field, a newspaper formally, it is established by the Society for Japanese Virologist having worked on the Japanese press association in 1965 to transcribe it into a virus".) ) which there is the opinion called ", but is not sure. In addition, it is still prosperous in the field of gardening to use notation of "by RAS" coming from English pronunciation with a plant parasitism-related virus. The microbiological history began in Dutch having found bacteria by microscopy in 1674, and I was big, and French Louis Pasteur developed significance in biology and the zymurgy for further 1860 years because German Roberto Koch clarified significance in the medicine in 1876. The influence that a thought that "an infectious disease was generated by pathogenic bacteria" that Koch in particular discovered it and proposed gave medicine was big, and, after it, as for the cause of the infectious disease, it was thought that it was a thing by all bacteria except a parasitic worm. It seemed that it was a matter of time that the disease that disease-causing germs were not yet discovered was discovered with a microscope. However, Russian Dimitri Ivanov ski discovered that I did not lose infectiousness even if the cause of the disease of the tobacco mosaic passed bacteria filter in 1892 and showed that it was the existence that cannot observe it with the microscope which was more minute than the bacteria. This pathogen was called the virus from the property. In addition, pole tried the separation of the pathogen of the foot-and-mouth disease with German Frederick Loeffler for independence with this study in 1898, and this located that I was a similar person. Dutch Martin performed the study that was similar to Ivanov ski to the same age and called the pathogen which had an unknown property found in the same way with Contagium vivum fluidum (liquid of the infectiousness with the life). Loeffler regarded a virus as small bacteria, but I thought to be be a molecule and insisted when this molecule was infected with a cell and multiplied